August 27, 2025

Durch quietly shifting to four day work week

Financial Times -  The Netherlands has the highest rate of part-time working in the OECD. Average working weekly hours for people aged 20 to 64 in their main job are just 32.1, the shortest in the EU, according to Eurostat. It has also become increasingly common for full-time workers to compress their hours into four days rather than spread them over five, says Bert Colijn, an economist at Dutch bank ING. “The four-day work week has become very, very common,” he told me. “I do work five days, and sometimes I get scrutinised for working five days!”

It all started with women. The Netherlands had a traditional male breadwinner model until women started to join the labour force in part-time roles in the 1980s, 1990s and 2000s, leading to what many called a “one-and-a-half” earner model. The tax and benefit system incentivised this arrangement. Over time, as these working patterns became normalised, working part-time has become more popular with men too, especially when they have young children.

How can the experience of the Netherlands inform the debate in other countries? For a start, it suggests the predictions of economic self-harm are overdone. In spite of its shorter average working hours per person, the Netherlands is one of the richest economies in the EU in terms of GDP per head. That is because shorter working hours are combined with relatively high productivity per hour, and a high proportion of people in employment: 82 per cent of working-age people in the Netherlands were in employment at the end of 2024, according to OECD data, compared with 75 per cent in the UK, 72 per cent in the US, and 69 per cent in France.
Women, in particular, have high employment rates in the Netherlands, especially compared with countries like the US, where average working hours are longer. In addition, people in the Netherlands tend to retire fairly late. It’s not that the population isn’t industrious, then — it’s rather that the work is spread out more across the population and the life course.

 

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